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<\/p>\nMonilia (or moniliasis) is a very problematic fungal disease that puts our crops at risk. It particularly attacks stone fruit trees such as almond, cherry, peach, apricot and plum.<\/p>\n
Stone fruit monilia is a disease caused by various pathogenic fungi, which, in a favourable environment, can cause serious damage to plants.<\/p>\n
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FIG1. Moniliosis in the flowering phase <\/em><\/p>\n The different species of fungi that cause this cryptogamic disease<\/strong> areof the genus Monilia and Monilinia.<\/strong><\/p>\n Monilinia laxa is the typical species of crops such as peach, cherry, apricot and plum.<\/strong> Being active already at low temperatures (5-10 \u00b0C), it is capable of causing extensive infections at different times of the season. It affects both vegetative organs (flowers, shoots) and ripening fruit. The fungus persists as mycelium on the affected fruit that has fallen to the ground, but also on the fruit that appears mummified and hangs on the plant. The most serious attacks occur during flowering and on the fruit close to harvest. The greatest risks occur in dampness, fog and long rains.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n When these events occur, the fungal mycelia release their spores, which are dispersed by water, wind and insects. This leads to primary infections.The pathogen's penetration into the tree occurs through natural openings or micro-injuries.<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Fig.2 Stone fruit flowering (delicate phase)<\/p>\n Monilinia laxa is capable of affecting the vegetative organs (flowers and small fruits). The other species, on the other hand, find optimal conditions to start damaging the fruit with temperatures between 15 and 30 \u00b0C and humidity close to saturation level. <\/p>\n Fig3. Monilia in the post-harvest stage<\/em><\/p>\n To prevent the occurrence of monilia, correct agronomic practices must be used.<\/p>\n Firstly, during winter pruning, the mummified fruits remaining on the plant must be removed and removed.<\/strong> Branches affected by cankers must also be removed. The material removed, when possible, must be burnt.<\/p>\n
\nThe other species widespread in our country are Monilia fructigena and M. Fructicola. These are activated at higher temperatures, and therefore affect the fruit more during the ripening phase.<\/p>\nThe biological cycle of monilia<\/strong><\/h3>\n
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\nUnder the ideal conditions described, the fungus cycle is complete in about a week, generating new spores that initiate secondary infection cycles.
\nIf, on the other hand, there are no favourable environmental conditions, monilia infections may remain latent on the fruit, only to manifest themselves through obvious post-harvest rot.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.msbiotech.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/monilia-ciclo-biologico-funghi-micelio-drupacee.webp\")
<\/p>\nPrevention with agronomic techniques<\/strong><\/h2>\n